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Self-knowledge is a term used in psychology to describe the information that an individual draws upon when finding an answer to the question ''"What am I like?"''. While seeking to develop the answer to this question, self-knowledge requires ongoing self-awareness and self-consciousness (which is not to be confused with consciousness). Young infants and chimpanzees display some of the traits of self-awareness〔Gallup, G. G., Jr. (1979). ''Self-recognition in chimpanzees and man: A developmental and comparative perspective''. New York: Plenum Press.〕 and agency/contingency,〔, N. W., & Ramen, C. T. (1977). Learning to control the environment in infancy. ''Child Development, 48,''806-819.〕 yet they are not considered as also having self-consciousness. At some greater level of cognition, however, a self-conscious component emerges in addition to an increased self-awareness component, and then it becomes possible to ask ''"What am I like?"'', and to answer with self-knowledge. Self-knowledge is a component of the self, or more accurately, the self-concept. It is the knowledge of one's self and one's properties and the ''desire'' to seek such knowledge that guide the development of the self-concept. Self-knowledge informs us of our mental representations of ourselves, which contain attributes that we uniquely pair with ourselves, and theories on whether these attributes are stable, or dynamic. The self-concept is thought to have three primary aspects: * The cognitive self * The affective self * The executive self The affective and executive selves are also known as the ''felt'' and ''active'' selves respectively, as they refer to the emotional and behavioral components of the self-concept. Self-knowledge is linked to the cognitive self in that its motives guide our search to gain greater clarity and assurance that our own self-concept is an accurate representation of our ''true self''; for this reason the cognitive self is also referred to as the ''known self''. The cognitive self is made up of everything we know (or ''think we know'' about ourselves). This implies physiological properties such as hair color, race, and height etc.; and psychological properties like beliefs, values, and dislikes to name but a few. ==Relationship with memory== Self-knowledge and its structure affect how events we experience are encoded, how they are selectively retrieved/recalled, and what conclusions we draw from how we interpret the memory. The analytical interpretation of our own memory can also be called ''meta memory'', and is an important factor of ''meta cognition''. The connection between our memory and our self-knowledge has been recognized for many years by leading minds in both philosophy〔Locke, J. (1731). ''An essay concerning human understanding.'' London: Edmund Parker. (Original work published 1690)〕 and psychology,〔James, W. (1890). ''The principles of psychology'' (Vol. 1). New York: Holt.〕〔Kihlstrom, J. F., & Klein, S. B. (1994). The self as a knowledgeable structure. (As cited in , C., & Brewer, M. B. (Eds.), ''Individual self, relational self, collective self.'' (PHP. 35-36). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press)〕 yet the precise specification of the relation remains a point of controversy.〔, J. F., & Klein, S. B. (1997). Self-knowledge and self-awareness. (As cited inn Sedikedes, C., & Brewer, M. B. (Eds.), ''Individual self, relational self, collective self.'' (pop. 35-36). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Self-knowledge (psychology)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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